شهر، مدرنیته، سینما کاوشی در آثار ابراهیم گلستان

سال‌های 1320-1357، دوره‌ای است که شهر مدرن شکل گرفته است. برنامه‌ریزی شهری نیز در این دوره با تأسیس سازمان برنامه در سال 1327 شکل نهادی می‌یابد و برنامه‌های توسعه عمرانی برای شهر تهیه می‌شوند. در اثر این برنامه‌ها، شهر گسترشی کم‌نظیر را تجربه می‌کند. شهرهای مدرن مانند تهران، با موقعیت‌های کاری و شرایط زندگی بهتر، ماوایی برای تحقق آرزوهای ساکنین شهرهای اطراف و روستائیان می‌شوند. در نتیجه، جمعیت این شهرها افزایش می‌یابد. شهر جدید،‌ کلان‌شهری است که برای ساکنانش، که طیف وسیعی از بازیگران جدید اجتماعی مانند زنان، روشنفکران، جوانان و... را شامل می‌شود، غریبه است. شهر و تجربه‌های سوژ‌ه‌های جدید شهری،‌ دستمایه اصلی بسیاری از رمان‌ها و فیلم‌ها در این دوره است. نویسنده، گاه از دیدگاه خود و گاه از دید سوژه‌های دیگر، شهر را توصیف می‌کند. ابراهیم گلستان یکی از نویسندگان مدرن سال‌های 1357-1320 است، که در داستان‌ها و فیلم‌هایش به بیان تجربه‌های عینی و ذهنی افراد در کلانشهر می‌پردازد. موضوع اصلی داستان‌های او، تناقص‌های جامعه در حال گذار به مدرنیته است. تضاد میان کهنه و نو، روستا و شهر و .... روش تحقیق در این مقاله روش اکتشافی و با استناد به آثار گلستان است. یافته‌های پژوهش، تصویر روشنی از تحولات شهر و سوژه‌های شهری در سال‌های 1320 تا 1357 ارائه می‌دهد.

Between 1941 to 1979 the modern city has been formed. Urban plans are initiated in this period by the establishment of Planning Organization in 1948. Based on such plans, the city experiences a huge expansion. Modern cities like Tehran became the best place to fulfill the aspirations of the residents of the surrounding towns and villages with job opportunities and better living conditions. As the result, population of such cities increases. The new city turns to be a metropolis that is strange for the inhabitants which includes wide range of new social players such as: women, intellectuals and youth. City and municipal new subject experience is the main theme of many novels and films in this period. The author sometimes describes the city himself and sometimes describes it from the others’ views. Ibrahim Golestan is one of the modern authors during the period 1941 to 1978. He began his career in writing in 1941 and then established Golestan Film studio and started to produce films. He made several documentaries and two films. The documentaries were mostly made by the proposition of oil consortium. Therefore, they portray how oil industry influenced southern cities form and residents’ way of life. His two films theme is about how modernization affected people’s life. How money rules in the modern city and how human relationships are affected by money in modern era.  He focused on objective and subjective experiences of individuals in the metropolises in his novels and films. The main theme of his stories is the paradox of a society in transition to modernity; the conflict between the old and the new, the rural areas and the city..... The research method in this paper is a heuristic approach, based on the works of Ibrahim Golestan. According to the journal rules for the pages of the essay, there were not enough places to explain and analyze all of Golestan works. Therefore, just specific films and novels has been analyzed. In this essay , Pahlavi era has been divided in to three parts, first, years between 1941-1954,in these years city is the place for riots  which mostly occurred due to workers’ poor condition of life, The second part is years between1954-1967  which  Tehran turned to be a consumer city. Finally, years between1967-1979, in this era, Tehran has became a huge city far from its traditional form and strange to the residents.  Research results, present clear picture of the evolution of cities and urban subjects during the period 1941 to 1978 according to Golestan’s point of view. Results have shown that Golestan believes in modernity and modernization but not an autocratic modernization. He believes that a society will not be modern unless the all peoples way of thinking change, every people must want to be modern, under these conditions a society can be named a modern society

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