ارزیابی پایداری کاربری اراضی کلانشهر تهران بر اساس تلفیق مدل های ANP و Fuzzy DEMATEL گروهی

در طرح‌های توسعه شهری، کاربری اراضی شهری از مهم‌ترین ابزارهای برنامه‌ریزی در دستیابی به اهداف به شمار می‌آید، و تمامی فعالیت‌ها و عملکرد‌های شهری و منطقه‌ای، هر کدام به طریقی محتوایی در آن نمایان است. در کنار کاربری اراضی شهری به مفهوم عام، موضوع پایداری کاربری اراضی شهری به مفهوم خاص، مقوله‌ای پراهمیت در پژوهش‌های کنونی شهرسازی جهان است که موفقیت طرح‌های پیشنهادی را به لحاظ تحقق‌پذیری و استقبال عمومی فراهم می‌آورد. مقاله حاضر بر آن است تا موضوع پایداری کاربری اراضی شهری و معیارهای مربوط به آن را در اسناد مطالعات طرح جامع (ساختاری ـ راهبردی) شهر تهران مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار دهد. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه تبیینی و تحلیلی است و مدل‌های مورد استفاده در آن مدل‌های ANP و Fuzzy DEMATEL گروهی است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان می‌دهند که در طرح جامع تهران، به برخی از معیارهای علّی از جمله کاربری‌های مختلط توجه چندانی نشده است؛ و این در حالی است که بر اساس دیدگاه‌های افراد متخصص، این معیارها اهمیت زیادی در پایداری کاربری زمین دارند. از سوی دیگر، به معیارهای معلولی همچون حفظ زمین‌های کشاورزی، توجه بیشتری معطوف گردیده است.

Land use is a result of interplaying between economic, ecological, social and cultural systems. By addressing these systems in their spatial dimension (that is the distribution dimension, like location and density, and the spatial interaction dimension, like attraction, pressure and change dynamics), it is possible to impinge on more fundamental concepts. Urban land use is one of the most important planning tools to achieve the goals in urban development plans and it considered as a content platform of urban and regional activities and functions. In other hand one of the basic issues in urban development plans success is attention to desired urban land use system and considering stable and sustainability framework. Today in most of urban comprehensive and detailed plans land use changes are among challengeable issues that take places in many cities and cause of many structural changes in urban comprehensive plans. While by considering three subjects (Indicator-based, method-based and network-based) in determining land uses in urban development plans, problems in such plans should be resolved. Therefore, the dynamic and flexible urban mechanism formation is paying attention to mentioned important aspect of urban planning. Beside the general concept of urban land use, land use sustainability in its special concept, is an important category in literature of urban planning that accumulates the success of urban plans. This problem represents the challenge that Tehran Metropolitan faced with, and relevant projects from the first Tehran comprehensive plan of Tehran in 1968, as well as the Master Plan 2006 attempted to find suitable responses for the mentioned problems. Considering urban land use sustainability, both in theory and practice are available in related documents of the mentioned plans. The main purpose of this paper is explanation and evaluation of sustainable urban land use and its relevant criteria in the studies of Tehran comprehensive plan. Among the other objectives of research, are developing related literature in urban land use sustainability in regard of global context and presentation of a new evaluation models in urban planning. Therefore researchers review and extract the main criteria in urban land use planning, especially in metropolises, for evaluation using new models. Method of the research is explanatory-analytical method and the methodology is based upon ANP and group Fuzzy DEMATEL models. The results show that: 1. in connection with the internal relations between criteria, they can be divided into two main categories: causal criteria’s and effecting ones and 2. The final ranking distinct that has been less attention, nevertheless the most important and influential on other criteria and unaffected, to tow mixed land uses and sustainable transportation. Mean while more attention on criteria of farmland preservation and reducing environmental risks. Also the research results show that in Tehran comprehensive plan (Structural-Strategic plan), little attention has been paid for the casual criteria. According the expert’s point of view, these criteria have important roles in sustainability of urban land use. Moreover, it is necessary to pay more attention to the criteria such as preserving agricultural lands.