تاثیر محیط کالبدی فضاهای درمانی بر کاهش استرس بیماران (بررسی نمونه موردی مطب دندانپزشکی)
Effect of Physical Environmental of Medical Space in Reducing Patients’ Anxiety and Stress (Case Study: a Dental Office)
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هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی میزان تاثیر محیط کالبدی فضاهای درمانی بر کاهش استرس بیماران است. پژوهش در یک مطب دندانپزشکی از طریق مقایسه نگرش و ادراک دوگروه از بیماران (80 نفر) که طی چند سال گذشته پیش و پس از تغییرات معماری داخلی به مطب مراجعه مینمودند، صورت پذیرفت. این نوع مطالعه از نوع تحلیلی- محتوایی است. تلفیقی از روش تحقیق همبستگی و کیفی به کار رفته است تا بتوان ارزیابی چند متغیر و روابط بین آنها را در شرایط واقعی امکانپذیر ساخت. ابزار گردآوری دادهها از طریق تحلیل کیفی مفاهیم و نظریه های موجود انتخاب گردیده است. از پرسشنامه برای بررسی کمّی شاخصها در نمونه موردی استفاده شده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل از برنامه SPSS و آمار توصیفی نظیر فراوانی مطلق و نسبی، میانگین، انحراف معیار و نیز آمارهای استنباطی، آزمون پیرسون استفاده شده است. پایایی درونی پرسشنامه از طریق آلفای کرونباخ صورت پذیرفته است. نتایج حاصل از بررسی پرسشنامه مشخص نمود که عوامل محیطی در کاهش استرس بیماران تاثیر بسزایی دارد. تحلیل دادهها نشان میدهد که نباید هدف از طراحی داخلی یک فضای درمانی، صرفاً درمان فیزیکی افراد باشد؛ بلکه علاوه بر ارایه خدمات درمانی، تامین مناسبات روحی و روانی کاربران از اساسیترین اهداف طراحی چنین مکانهایی به شمار میرود
The purpose of this article is to explore whether the physical environmental of medical space can affect the patients’ stress and anxiety. (Numerous studies have suggested that anxiety is found in most clinical/medical settings. Stress occurs when there is an imbalance of environmental demands and human resources. The environment may add to this stress, with overcrowding, noise, lack of privacy, and glare, especially when coupled with poor interior color schemes. All of these stress factors can negatively affect the process of healing). The particular definition in this research was the relationship between environmental factors (brightness, peaceful, noisy, color, privacy and crowding) and stress. A dental office is considered as an effective environment which changed decoration and interior design during the time according to dentists and staffs demands. To research this, a study was carried out between two groups: peoples who referred to dental office before interior design changes and peoples who referred to dental office after interior design changes. The attitudes and perceptions of the two groups of patients (through questionnaires distributed) compared. Before the results of the analysis were determined, the reliability of the dependent and independent variables was tested with Cronbach’s test. The Cronbach alpha for variables was more than 0.70. Results from 80 patients showed that environmental factors such as brightness, peaceful, noisy, color, privacy and crowding could effect on patients and reduce their stress and anxiety. It is obvious; changing the interior design of dental office could increase quality-in-perception by: ? Promoting the content of mental with increasing legibility and image ability of environment and changing the location of activities and territorial behavior. ? Reducing stress and anxiety and avoiding spatial ambiguity by defining the territorial behavior and personal space or user activity. ? Optimizing the quality of space with changing light, color furniture, television, music, artworks and etc. ? Eliminating the negative impact of the stress known by physical design of a waiting area (waiting area indeed buffer). Also it was found that according to patient’s position during treatment, design of ceiling which located in the field of patients’ view is important to reduced stress significantly. Utilizing color, light and especially picture of nature is more effective. In the other words, an important part of curing relates to the quality of care that patients receive. Studies on perceived quality of care suggest that patient-perceived quality of care is heavily defined by the amount of empathy, warmth, and friendliness that the patient experiences. The environment plays an important role in conveying empathy, warmth, and friendliness even before the patient interacts with staff. In this research, data analysis indicated that the purpose of medical environmental design should not be focused on curing people physically or in the limited sense of bricks and mortar. In addition to providing medical services, it should prepare appropriate mental and physical spatial for users (patients and staff). The design of health-care facilities should be human-centered and functionally efficient, to benefit patients, their families, and staff alike. In other words, interior design of medical space is necessity not luxury.
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