رابطه پیکره بندی فضایی و امنیت محیطی در سکونتگاه های غیررسمی شهر همدان

با نگاهی به پژوهش‌های پیشین در حوزه امنیت شهری مشاهده می‌شود در میان رویکردهای پیشگیرانه، اقدامات و مداخلات محیطی از جایگاه ویژه‌ای برخوردار هستند. لیکن علی‌رغم تجربیات موفق کسب شده از اجرای چنین اقداماتی، همچنان تعارضات و ابهاماتی میان راهکارهای صاحبنظران مختلف وجود دارد که پژوهش حاضر به دنبال واکاوی این ابهامات است. از همین‌رو، در این پژوهش از یکسو پیکره‌بندی فضایی شهر همدان با نرم‌افزار Depth Map استخراج گردیده و از سوی دیگر، برخی معضلات امنیتی در پنج سکونتگاه غیررسمی حصار، خضر، دیزج، مزدقینه و منوچهری در شهر همدان برداشت شده است. در ادامه داده‌های این دو دسته از متغیرها در نرم‌افزار SPSS وارد شده و روابط میان آن‌ها مورد تحلیل و تفسیر قرار گرفته است. نتایج بررسی‌ها ضمن تایید نظریات پیشین مبنی بر ارتباط پیکره‌بندی فضایی و امنیت، دو نکته اساسی را روشن نمود. نخست آنکه برای تحلیل صحیح در خصوص رابطه محیط و امنیت باید مسائل مختلف امنیتی را به طور مجزا مورد بررسی قرار داد چرا که هر یک به شکل متفاوتی از محیط تاثیر می‌پذیرند. دوم آنکه محدود نمودن ورود غریبه‌ها به یک محله همانقدر می‌تواند به امنیت یک محله صدمه بزند که ورود خارج از کنترل غریبه-ها لطمه وارد می‌کند.

One of the concern of urban societies in this era is the reading of family’s security and composure in their occupancy. It is easily intelligible that security influence on estate value and environmental quality in various neighborhood of city. Within various neighborhoods of city, the informal settlements often account one of the criminal or insecurity centers because of special economic, social and physical features. In previous research of urban security, the environmental interventions and actions have a special place in preventive approaches. In despite of successful experiences of environmental security, but there is conflict and ambiguity on solutions of pundits (especially in viewpoints of Oscar Newman and Bill Hillier), that this research look at these ambiguities. This research has done with Analytical-Interpretation method and based on documentary studies and hypothesis test on the case study. At first, theoretical basics obtained through library studies. In the next step, in order to analyze the spatial configuration of neighborhoods, the Linier map of Hamedan is extracted based on mass and empty spaces (including Streets and Squares) by Depth Map Software. After preparation of Linier Map, the various parameters of spatial configuration such as Local Integration, Global Integration, Connectivity, and Mean Depth have been extracted for Hamedan and its five informal settlements include Hesar, Khezr, Dizaj, Mazdaghineh and Manouchehri. On the other hand, in order to test the relationship of spatial configuration parameters and security, 30 sub-neighborhoods (areas with a radius of 200 meters) have been selected in informal settlements; and then two main dilemmas include “Drug Addiction” and “Dispute & Aggression” are specified through presence in neighborhoods and interview with residents and some familiar jobs about the sub-neighborhoods situation (like Real Estate Consultants, Taxi Services, and Local Polices). So we asked the people to assign a score of 0 to 100 for each sub-neighborhood based on their recognition of Drug Addiction and Dispute & Aggression. After collecting all comments, the values that differed greatly from the rest, are eliminated and then average of comments are calculated. After that, the relationship of spatial configuration and two security dilemmas have been investigated and analyzed by SPSS software. In this study, the spatial configuration parameters are considered as an independent variable and Security dilemmas as a dependent variable. At the end, according to relationships have an adequate significant and correlation, we made suggestions. According to this research, the parameters of Mean Depth with Drug Addiction, and the parameter of Connectivity with Dispute & Aggression have the most connection. While the results of this study confirm the previous comments about the relationship between spatial configuration and security, it proves two fundamental points. First, the different security dilemmas (and types of crimes) should study separately for analyzing the relationship of environment and security, because each one is influenced by the environment differently. Second, it can be same harm influence for neighborhoods when we limit the entering strangers to the neighborhoods and when we don’t control the entering strangers to them.

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