بررسی نقش جنسیت در ارزیابی امنیت فضای محلهای با تأکید بر رویکرد CPTED (بررسی موردی: بخش میانی محلة صابونپزخانه تهران)

بدون شک امروزه یکی از معیارهای رضایت‌مندی افراد از فضاهای محله‌ای، داشتن محیطی امن و به دور از جرم محسوب می‌شود. بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد که با توجه به تفاوت‌هایی که میان مردان و زنان از نظر فیزیک و ابعاد جسمی از یک‌سو و حساسیت و خصوصیات ادراکی از سوی دیگر وجود دارد، میزان توجه به مسئله امنیت نیز در میان آنان متفاوت است. لذا این پژوهش بر پایه رویکرد CPTED، به‌دنبال بررسی و تعیین شاخص‌های تأمین امنیت از طریق طراحی محیطی با توجه به ترجیحات زنان و مردان است. روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع پیمایشی و همبستگی است. جامعه آماری پژوهش را ساکنان بخش میانی محله صابونپزخانه واقع در منطقه 12 شهر تهران تشکیل می‌دهند. 200 پرسش‌نامه در خصوص میزان تأثیر هر یک از شاخص‌ها در امنیت محله به شیوة تصادفی در محله تکمیل شده ‌است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که زنان نقش تمامی شاخص‌ها شامل نظارت، مدیریت و نگهداری، کنترل دسترسی، قلمروگرایی و حمایت از فعالیت را در ادراک احساس ناامنی تأیید کردند؛ در حالی‌ که در میان مردان دو شاخص نظارت و کنترل دسترسی مورد توجه بوده است. بنابراین لازم است توجه به این تفاوت در تدوین راهکارهای اجرایی دقیق‌تر به‌منظور تأمین امنیت فضاهای محله‌ای مد نظر قرار گیرد.

Undoubtedly, developing secure environment and without offense is considered one of the criteria for personal satisfactory from local spaces. In the meantime, some of the urban textures, including blind textures due to lack of attention and loss of quality of their environment, and provide the basis for the occurrence of insecurity and crime.Due to the differences between men's and women's physical dimensions on the one hand and perceptual sensitivity characteristics on the other hand, the amount of attention to the security is quite different among them.In other words, security, space, gender, urban construction and environmental qualities that are meaningful.
 Cause and effect relationship between crime occurrence and insecure in local spaces and designing inappropriate environment for them is of particular interest of this study. Object: so in this study which is based on CPTED approach- included approaches which emphasize on reducing crime through environmental designing- priorities of approach criteria mentioned in women's subjective sense of security compared with men is purposed. The CPTED theory is based on an idea that together with a correct designing and space suitable usage in addition to bring positive influence on life quality, to prevent from crime commitment. The CPTED position will be provided through five main indicators including; Territoriality,   Surveillance, Access control, Image/ space management, Activity support. Every indicator for the CPTED holds some sub-indicators necessary for achieving to the designed location in order to be far away from crime. Method: current study method is of survey and solidarity type of modeling design of structural relations. Statistical population in this study is residents of central segment of Sabounpazkhaneh Neighborhood located in twelve region of Tehran. Samples were selected randomly and clustery to answer 31 questions related to residents view regarding effect rate of each index on Neighborhood security. It was used SPSS-20 software to analysis data. Formally and structurally investigating validity of studied tool showed that tool has appropriate validity. Also, reliability of this tool was obtained by Cronbach' alpha. Findings: showed that there is a significantly difference in effect rate and criteria prioritization between men and women. Women approved 5 criteria mentioned in CPTED approach and they prioritized Surveillance, Image/management, Access Control, Territorial Reinforcement and Activity support, respectively while men was addressed, Surveillance and Access Control, respectively. Conclusion: obtained results showed that each five criteria affected on increased sense of mental security for women and Surveillance criteria also lie on both group's priority.
 Finally, research results were carried out in a form of solutions, policies presenting, and framework of urban design in verified areas. Therefore, the security of the neighborhood must be reviewed and urban design must be carried out within an environmental approach for preventing the crimes. So taking advantage from indicators and sub-indicators in this approach can lead to management of crime and achieve to secure space for different groups of society, especially women, as one of the most vulnerable people in the neighborhood until would be considered at future as the urban design model, with the aim of creating a secure ground for citizens.

(879.6 کیلوبایت) دانلود مقاله