نقش خاطره جمعی در باززنده سازی بافتهای شهری: ارائه راهکار در خصوص ناحیه تاریخی لاهیجان

زیستگاه­های انسانی آکنده از خاطراتی هستند که ساکنان از گذشته­ های خویش در ذهن دارند. این خاطرات گاه فردی و شخصی بوده و گاه از ماهیت جمعی برخوردارند. هدف از نوشتار حاضر، بررسی نقش خاطرات جمعی در باززنده­سازی و  احیای بافت­های شهری است. در این نوشتار، ضمن اتخاذ روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، کنکاشی نظری در خصوص مفاهیم خاطره جمعی و باززنده­سازی شهری صورت گرفته و ایجاد یا ارتقای "حس تعلق"، "انسجام اجتماعی" و "حس مکان" به عنوان کارکردهای روانشناختی، اجتماعی و محیطی خاطره جمعی مورد اشاره قرار گرفته و در پی آن تأثیر خاطره جمعی از طریق این کارکردها بر ابعاد اقتصادی، اجتماعی، زیست محیطی، کالبدی-فضایی، مدیریتی و فرهنگی باززنده­ سازی شهری نشان داده شده است. در پایان با اتخاذ رویکرد توصیفی-تطبیقی، صحت نتایج حاصله، از طریق انطباق با یک نمونه موردی موفق (باززنده­ سازی محله برونزویل شیکاگو) و مقایسه آن با ناحیه تاریخی لاهیجان که به دلیل توجه مدیریت شهری به محدوده اکوتوریستی شهر رها شده و بسیاری از خاطرات در آن رنگ باخته­ اند و ارائه یک تحلیل تطبیقی به آزمون گذاشته می­شود و سرانجام بر پایه مطالعه تجربه موفق برونزویل و چارچوب نظری ارائه شده، اقداماتی که در نتیجه سهل­انگاری و کم توجهی مدیریت شهری لاهیجان صورت واقعیت به خود نگرفته ­اند، پیشنهاد می­شوند

Human habitats are full of memories that the inhbitants remember from their comman pasts.These memories are sometimes individual or personal but, sometimes, they have a collective nature. Removing memories and discontinuity with the past has resulted in ignoring some of these common memories and causing some memorable places to be demolished or drastically changed; which is dramatically widespread throughout the country. This paper aims to investigate about the role of collective memory in urban regeneration and tries to probe into how collective memories can be used in order to revitalize a deteriorated urban fabric. Adopting an analytical-descriptive research method, the concepts of collective memory and urban regeneration is theoretically studied in this paper. According to this study, "sense of attachment  to place", "social coherence" and "sense of place" are mentioned as psychological, social and environmental functions of collective memory and then through these functions the effects of collective memory on the economic, social, environmental, physical-spatial, administrational and cultural dimensions of urban regeneration are proved. Then through a descriptive-comparative approach, the correctness of the study findings is tested by comparing with a flourishing accomplished case study (urban regeneration of Bronzeville neighbourhood, Chicago) and an unsuccessful case study (historical area of Lahijan_which is not paid attention as much as the ecotouristic area of the city), providing a comparative analysis. According to the studies of this paper, in Bronzeville experience, an urban regeneration has been implemented, using and bolding collective memories and improving social participation in the neighbourhood. In doing so, some thematic projects like “Eyes on Walls urban arts”, “Mosaic Art”, “the Great Migration sculpture”, “Bronze Map of Bronzeville”, “23 Benches”, and so on has been run and helped urban management to attract social participation for revitalizing the neighbourhood. The strong linkage between these projects and collective memories of the inhabitants, and on the other hand, spending time, budjet and energy by them to do these projects, has been led to “sense of attachment” and “social coherence”. Additionally, improving the quality of urban places through performing the mentioned projects, using local artists and labours, has been resulted in redefining “sense of place” in bronzeville. Historical urban places of Lahijan is the unsuccessful case study which is investigated in this paper. Lahijan is one of historical cities in the north of Iran which has seven historical neighbourhood and some memorable monuments (Chahar-Padshah shrine, Akbariye Mosque, Jameh Mosque, Golshan Public Bath, …). There are some old rituals or religious ceremonies like Chehel Menbar that the inhabitants of historical area believe and perform them. As a result, based on Bronzeville experience and the paper’s theoretical framework, some specific solutions which is neglected in the decisions of Lahijan urban management were proposed in order to use collective memory for historical area regeneration.Using public arts (mural paintings, graffitis, portraits, sculptures, …) appropriate to the context of historical area, using local artists' works of art, preserving local ceremonies and ritulas, performing memorable ceremonial dramas like Taziyeh, … in the historical public places are some of these proposed solutions

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