کیفیت فضایی در طراحی بافت سکونتگاه‌های کوچک: بافت‌های روستایی

فرسودگی کالبدی سکونتگاه‌ها و ضرورت حفاظت و احیای محیط زندگی خصوصاً در کشور‌های با پیشینه تاریخی مسئله‌ای است که همواره مورد توجه مسئولان امر بوده است. برخورداری ایران از تمدن و تاریخ کهن باعث شده تا یکی از اهداف مهم طرح‌های جامع و هادی سکونتگاه‌ها، بهسازی بافت آن‌ها باشد. با توجه به تعداد زیاد و توزیع فضایی و جغرافیایی سکونتگاه‌های کوچک در کشور توجه به نحوه طراحی و توسعه آن‌ها همواره از اهداف برنامه‌ریزان، طراحان و متولیان موضوع بوده است. تقریباً اکثر سکونتگاه‌های کوچک کشور ما روستایی هستند و اکنون که حدود ۴ دهه از تجربه طراحی و بهسازی محیط آن‌ها می‌گذرد‌، تأملی در محتوا و بررسی آنچه تهیه و اجرا شده می‌تواند به بهبود محتوا و اجرای آن‌ها کمک نماید‌. این مقاله با تکیه بر تجارب انجام شده و مرور اسناد و مباحث نظری طراحی شهری و معماری سعی در نشان دادن نقش مغفول مانده در این فرایند یعنی "فضا" و"کیفیت" آن در شکل دادن به بافت در طراحی و اجرا دارد. مقاله پیش روی راه حل بهبود سکونت و زندگی در این سکونتگاه‌ها و ایجاد شادابی و سر زندگی در آن‌ها را، فضا و توجه به ارتقای آن در روند طراحی و اجرا تبیین می‌نماید‌ و متناسب با ویژگی‌هایی که در این بافت وجود دارد راه حل‌هایی ‌پیشنهاد می‌شود.

Physical exhaustion, necessity of conservation and conservation of life, especially in countries with historical backgrounds, is an issue that has always been considered. Iran’s enjoyment of ancient civilizations and history has made one of the most important goals of comprehensive and guiding plans to improve their tissues. According to the large number of geographical distribution of small settlements in the country, attention to how to design and develop them has always been subject to planners and trustees.
Most of the small settlements of our country are rural, and now that it is about four decades from the experience of design and improvement of their environment, pause in content and review what is produced can help improve the content and implement them. In the last few years, the assessment and implementation of the guided designs have been studied, but none of these studies has been done in terms of the role of space and space quality. We believe that in the face of clarifying the role and importance of space quality in the villages and considering it in the design and implementation of projects, the quality of living environment in small settlements can be improved substantially. Abstract the previous discussion tries to explain by reviewing the theoretical discussions and what has been done in the practice of the appropriate approach to designers, trustees and administrators. This paper based on experiences, and review of documents and theoretical discussions of urban design and architecture tries to show the role in this process, "space" and "quality" in shaping the texture in the design and implementation.
Reviewing the experiences carried out, the theoretical discussions and attention to the needs of these findings indicated that the emphasis of these plans should be based on the creation of spatial quality within the context. Human life has been stained with presence in space since its inception, and space has never been absent in human life for a moment. In addition to responding to functional needs, design in the context should protect people from environmental influences and provide the opportunity to do everyday tasks for her, but to enjoy presence in it.
The most important characteristic of the physical space which distinguishes it from other areas of art, whether space is at a settlement scale or individual buildings, is to accommodate the human being in it.
The fabric and architecture is where life flows and the context of everyday life is human, and the relationship of human with it is continuous and it is essential for people living in it. So space and its quality are the essence of architecture. According to the importance of the context of the space, design is an organization of space, and it must be  creatively organized by observing the scale and proportions, how people perceive and use different materials and methods. The paper aims to propose an approach to improve the quality of settlement and life in the process, creating fresh living space, by considering its promotion in the design and implementation process, and tailored to the features that exist in this context.

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